that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to pile up; to make a heap; to lay (e.g. bricks); to acquire (e.g. experience); to build (a reputation)
book; volume; this; present; main; head
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand); to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to restrict; to limit; to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be best (for); to be the best plan
carelessly; thoughtlessly; inadvertently
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
time; hour; period; class
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
as (e.g. "do as one is told", "as we age we gain wisdom"); wherever (e.g. "wherever my fancy took me")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
even more; still more; further