indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
heart; guts; nerve; central part
palpitation (of the heart); pounding; throbbing; thumping
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to mix with; to be mixed; to be mingled
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
fatigue; weariness; exhaustion; tiredness
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
staying behind; remaining; residual
breath; breathing; tone; mood
gradually (progress into a state); in sequence; in order; in turn
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to catch one's attention; to catch one's ear; to be annoying to one's ear
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
unreliable; undependable; helpless; forlorn; worried; uneasy
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to