indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pen spinning; spinning a pen around between the fingers
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to make an effort; to be zealous
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
don't you think?; indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
though; notwithstanding; although
fingertip; finger; toe tip; toe
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
turning around (once); suddenly; abruptly; completely (wrapped in something); quickly (unwrapping something); beautiful, round (eyes)
instability; insecurity; crankiness
rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning
thick voice; husky voice; guttural voice; voice with a thick accent
soccer club (at a school); football club
adviser; advisor; consultant
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
serving concurrently as; holding the additional post of
man; male; masculine gender
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
powerful; strong; forceful; reassuring; encouraging
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
(bearing a) close resemblance; vivid reminder (e.g. of the past); dim; faint; vague
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case