quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
suddenly; at once; considerably; very much; firmly; with an effort
just you wait and see (as a threat)
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
meaningfully (smiling, grinning, etc.); suggestively; broadly; sneeringly
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
guard; protector; defensive armament; personal armor (armour)
bag; sack; skin of an orange (and other like fruits); dead end; plot of land surrounded by water
weight; weight (e.g. of someone's words); burden; importance; significance
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
bamboo sword (for kendo); bamboo fencing stick
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)