indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
rakshasa; man-eating demon in Hinduism and Buddhism
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
while; during; while; although; all; both
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
boss (esp. yakuza); foreman
eighth month of the lunar calendar
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
spring water; clear (pure) water
hunting (of animals such as boar, deer, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hamlet; subunit of village; burakumin area
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family