total darkness; pitch dark; bleak future; poor prospects
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that's true; of course; obviously
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
father; dad; husband; you; he
toilet; restroom; bathroom; lavatory
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
originally; by nature; from the start
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself