there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
to rule; to govern; to administer
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
messenger; envoy; emissary
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
solitude; loneliness; isolation
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine