independent state; independent nation
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
valid; proper; right; appropriate; reasonable
Northern and Southern Courts (of Japan; 1336-1392); Northern and Southern Dynasties; Northern and Southern Dynasties (of China; 420-589)
diligently; assiduously; industriously; beavering away
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
now that; since; so long as; because
last days; the end; one's fate
miserable; wretched; unhappy; sad; pitiable
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
dying by the roadside; dying a dog's death
tying a person's limbs to two or four bulls and making them run in different directions (Warring States-era death penalty)
penalty; sentence; punishment
it's no joke; gimme a break!
string; cord; man who is financially dependent on a woman; gigolo; restrictions; conditions
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
the whole body; the five styles of writing Chinese characters; the five parts of the body (head, two hands and two feet; or head, neck, chest, hands and feet)
to tear up; to tear off; to rip up; to separate (e.g. a couple); to disrupt (a relationship)
cruel; brutal; ruthless; merciless; inhuman
scum of the earth; monster; fiend
(criminal) punishment; penalty; sentence
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
mercy; compassion; clemency; Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
cutting; severance; section; amputation; disconnection
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
intimacy; affection; familiarity
evasion; avoidance; shirking; recusation (of a judge); taking exception (to a judge); challenge
open; frank; outspoken; unreserved; straightforward; honest
to drop like a rock (e.g. of reputation, power, influence); to go down the toilet
intensification; aggravation
not the time for; not the place for; far from; anything but; ... is out of the question; ... isn't the word for it
expansion; extension; elongation; stretching
striking; remarkable; considerable
international trade; foreign trade; overseas trade
New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia)
getting on board; sailor; seaman