indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something like ...; something called ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
long holiday (esp. Golden Week in late April and early May)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
real feeling; actual feeling; to actually feel; to have a real feeling (that ...); to experience personally
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
general; popular; common; typical
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to slide; to slip off; to get dislocated; to be out of alignment; to get dislodged; to deviate
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...