indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to dash; to gallop (on horseback); to canter; (arch.) to advance (against one's enemy); (arch.) to charge (on horseback)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area
right in the center (centre)
weekday; ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday); kanji radical 73
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to come and go; to go back and forth
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
running as fast as one can
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surroundings; environs; circumference
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
hem; (trouser) cuff; bottom part; bottom edge; foot (of a mountain); tips (of hair)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to flutter (in the wind); to wave; to turn over; to flip over; to suddenly change (attitude, opinion, etc.); to suddenly switch
considerably; fairly; quite
risky; dangerous; suggestive; bordering on the obscene; (arch.) extreme; (arch.) harsh
feeling; sense; impression
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
of course; certainly; naturally
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances