ice water; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent
to be overawed; to be overpowered; to lose the mental battle
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
hygiene management; hygiene control; sanitation
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
grounds (of tea and coffee)
closely-packed series of lectures; intensive course
dietary education; nutrition education; food education
to worry; to fret; to get anxious
opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
to take command; to give direction
roots of grass; (fig.) places hidden from sight; grassroots (e.g. of a political party); rank and file
hostile party; enemy side
Western clothing; Western binding
fair-skinned; light-complexioned
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
to act lovestruck; to be fawning; to act affectionate
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
slip of the tongue; misstatement; verbal slip-up
falling (down); tumbling (down); failure; failing; renouncing Christianity and converting to Buddhism (during the Edo period); apostasy
tag; label; game of tag; tag-team match; working together as a team
integration; unification; unity; combination; consolidation; synthesis
sticky; syrupy; weakly (of a flame); gently (e.g. boil); dozing off; napping
catalog; catalogue; inventory; menu
Kansai; region consisting of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and surrounding prefectures; Kansai; south-western half of Japan (during the feudal era)
hack; inferior horse; inferior person; incapable person
Hiroshima-style okonomiyaki
angrily; in a huff; high on marijuana; tender (to chew)
to cover (smear, sprinkle) (with)
garlic chives (Allium tuberosum); Chinese chives; Chinese leek
baking foods in a covered pan; foods baked in a covered pan
inside out; upside down; flip side; opposite; contrary