to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.)
modern state; modern nation
rise (e.g. of a movement); emergence; rearing one's head; gaining prominence; coming to the fore; gaining power
crossing swords; competing against; contending with; fighting against
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
beacon; skyrocket; signal fire; starting shot; starting signal
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
appearance; expression; manifestation
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
to rise; to swell; to be promoted
every part of the world; all over the world; the four corners of the world
clergyman; churchman; clergy
to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to come to an end
oppressive rule; tyrannical regime; despotism
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
to set up; to raise; to nominate; to choose as a representative; to push; to shove
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
counter for generations; epoch
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
bombarding; shelling; bombardment
to barricade oneself in; to hold (a fort, etc.); to shut oneself up; to be besieged; to dig in
again and again; repeatedly
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
diplomacy; selling (e.g. door-to-door); canvassing
letter; note; epistle; correspondence
envoy; ambassador; delegate; emissary; mission
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
to refuse; to reject; to decline; to prevent (from doing); to deny (e.g. access); to block
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
ostrich (Struthio camelus)