indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
antics; buffoonery; clowning; clown; jester
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
while; even though; despite
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)