opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
guest seating (e.g. theater, stadium); passenger seat (e.g. taxi); audience
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
pitcher; water jug; watering can; container of fresh water for replenishing the kettle and rinsing bowls (tea ceremony)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
glass (drinking vessel); glass (material); glasses (eyewear)
to jump up; to spring up; to move around; to bounce up and down; to pound (of one's heart, e.g. with excitement); to throb
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pottery; earthenware; ceramics; (soft-paste) porcelain; china
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to line up; to set up; to enumerate; to itemize; to be equal (to); to compare well (with)
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
counter; counting device; (service) counter (at a bank, store, etc.); counter (at a bar, cafe, etc.); bar; counter-attack (in soccer); counter
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
inside of a store (restaurant, café, etc.); store interior; on the premises
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
dust; small debris (e.g. dirt, crumbs); trash; garbage; negligible amount; tiny bit
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bottle; jar; decanter; flagon; phial; vial
to insert; to put in; to plant (a cutting); to strike; to arrange (flowers); to wear (a sword) in one's belt
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fresh and youthful; lively; vibrant; vivacious; juicy (e.g. fruit)
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; (arch.) to rise up (of breaking waves)
fully prepared; all ready
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper