indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
adds force or indicates command
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
cane; walking stick; staff; wand
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")