prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
joint struggle; common (united) front
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
proposal; offer; request; application
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
everything one does; whatever one does
to hold back others from achieving success; to stand in the way of; to sabotage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be helpful; to be dependable; to stand by (someone)
don't you think?; indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
war situation; progress of a battle