transformation; variation; metamorphosis; modification; deformation; variety
center; centre; middle; Chūbu region (incl. Aichi, Nagano, Shizuoka, Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi and Gifu prefectures)
traction; towing; hauling; driving (e.g. economic growth)
surgery; surgical procedure
ring finger; third finger; fourth finger (in piano-playing); fourth toe
some (at the start of a number in place of a digit)
to turn round; to face about; to turn about
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
preface; introduction; preamble
to empty; to vacate; to evacuate
close thicket; dense forest; jungle; amazon.com
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
to gain experience; to accumulate experiences
retention; maintenance; preservation
older sister; elder sister
weak (constitution); sickly; feeble; in poor health
to thin out (plants, seedlings, crops, etc.); to cull; to run on a curtailed schedule; to cut down; to kill a newborn child (due to financial difficulties)
one by one; one after another; successively
leading; foremost; preeminent; outstanding; one of the best
serving (of food); helping; chilled soba served on a dish (often on a wicker basket or in a shallow steaming basket) with dipping sauce
sightseeing; scout; patrol; watchtower; lookout
caves dug as tombs in and around Kamakura during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods
patriarch; head of a family
restlessly; in continuous motion
to whine; to make feeble complaints
to go out of use; to become obsolete; to die out; to become lost (e.g. of dignity); to be sullied
cloud of dust (sand, etc.)
to nail; to knock; to bang (e.g. one's head); to throw (e.g. a rock); to fling
flame; blaze; fire; attack; aggression
quick-witted and agile; keen and nimble
to smirk; to grin broadly
lukewarm; tepid; (arch.) slow; (arch.) stupid