grandfather; male senior-citizen
four administrative positions (of the ritsuryo system: kami, suke, jou, sakan)
Kagen era (1303.8.5-1306.12.14)
Ōwa era (961.2.16-964.7.10)
trees and grass; vegetation
Kanshō era (1460.12.21-1466.2.28)
festival; feast; carnival
administrative and civil code
Hōtoku era (1449.7.28-1452.7.25)
Japanese calendar; Japanese imperial year
reversing the order of (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; the tables being turned; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; mistaking the means for the end
public official stationed outside the capital (under the ritsuryo system)
former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators)
button (clothing); push-button
Tengyō era (938.5.22-947.4.22); Tenkei era
ritsuryo system (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance; in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century)
harsh tasting; strongly alkaline tasting; excessively strong-willed; fiercely individualistic; strongly idiosyncratic
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; this way and that
having absolutely nothing (left); being out of everything; absolutely nothing
extreme masochist; very masochistic
Herculean task; next-to-impossible undertaking
staying up all night two nights in a row; double all-nighter
free-for-all; open-to-all; optional (to participate in); non-compulsory
without getting annoyed; without being bothered; diligently; properly; carefully
person who moves a lot for their job; family who moves a lot for the primary breadwinner's job
15th day of the 8th lunar month; eighth month of the lunar calendar
to rinse (one's mouth); to gargle
scoop (e.g. of icecream); scoopful; small ornamental spoon
law and politics; justice administration
encumbrance; burden; drag
Juei era (1182.5.27-1184.4.16)
sticky (situation); finding oneself trapped
combined school (e.g. junior high and high school)