really; truly; indeed; good grief
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
much less; to say nothing of
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
event; phenomenon; matter
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
calculation; self-interest; selfishness
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
expectation; anticipation; purpose; intention; others' opinions of one; speculation
to entangle; to entwine; to pick a quarrel; to find fault; to be involved with; to be influenced by
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
human work; human agency; art; artificiality
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
unrelated; unconnected; without relations (esp. of a deceased person); having no surviving relatives; unrelated to the teachings of Buddha; unable to be saved by Buddha
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
birth; creation; formation
concise; brief; succinct; compact (style)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for