indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
fifth month of the lunar calendar; satsuki azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to crowd; to flock; to swarm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look around; to survey
very young; little; childish; immature
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
longing; yearning; aspiration; adoration
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
while; during; while; although; all; both
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
in process; during execution; runtime
health and physical education
program (of events, music, etc.); programme; program (booklet); brochure; (computer) program; programming
queue jumping; breaking into a line; muscling in on; interrupt
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
young child; toddler; child over 1 but not yet of school age
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
opinion; point of view; visual point
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
childcare worker; kindergarten teacher
knowledge; understanding; rules; regulations; deputy; acting