indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
waking up; awakening; arousal; disillusion; disillusionment; awakening
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; period; class
summer vacation; summer holiday
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
washing; laundry; relaxing; taking a break
denotes uncertainty; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
some; few; somewhat; to a certain extent; (arch.) many; (arch.) a lot
guilty (feeling, conscience, look, etc.); (feeling) uneasy
to feel; to sense; to experience
while; even though; despite
going back to sleep (e.g. after waking up in the morning)
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out