preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
first; firstly; first of all; Introduction; Preface
to come near (to); to approach; to be on the verge of; to be about to reach (a stage, period, etc.); to overhang; to hang over
time; season; period; phase; stage
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
(made of) leather; leather-bound
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
corridor; gallery; platform; passageway
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
restless; fidgety; in a hurry
to come and go; to go back and forth
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to bump into; to run into; to encounter; to meet with; to clash (of opinions, people, etc.); to conflict
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
a few years ago; some years back
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance