illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have (something) innate; to be born with
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
society; the world; the times
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
mediocre; ordinary; commonplace; banal
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
since when; from when; how long
don't you think?; indicates question
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suitable; appropriate; befitting; conjoining; association; samprayukta
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
perfect; perfection; perfect game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
results; record; grades; marks
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
tip-top; top; top-drawer; best; foremost; elite
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)