illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
seductive; carnal; troubling; difficult; anxious; uneasy
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
journal; magazine; periodical
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
advance arrangements; preparatory meeting; overlap (of a coat, etc.); (arch.) making something match exactly
student (esp. a university student)
actor; actress; player; performer
two legs; two feet; two pairs
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to work hard; to sweat; to wash off one's sweat
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
course; route; course (of study); program; lane (in running, swimming, etc.); course (of action); policy
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn up; to make an appearance; to put in an appearance; to drop by
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
script; libretto; scenario
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
understood; I see; OK; present; here
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
thickness; profundity; depth
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
brown envelope; manila envelope
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case