even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
impossible; unlikely; improbable
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
exclusion; removal; rejection; elimination; abatement; lifting (sanctions, etc.)
via; through; by doing; by means of; using
to draw (conclusion); to deduce; to derive
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
weekday; ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday); kanji radical 73
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even though; despite; when
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sprawl; to lie sprawled; to stretch oneself out; to lie relaxed on one's side
to work hard at; to devote oneself to; to be diligent in
one yen; throughout (an area); whole district
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
book; volume; this; present; main; head
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
old book; rare book; classic; secondhand book; used book