book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to; to be at risk of
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside; aside
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling, atmosphere, etc.); serious; gloomy
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)