book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to; to be at risk of
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
down-train; train heading toward the ending point of its route; down-slope; downward going; downbound (esp. away from Tokyo); downstream
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
platform; home; home base; home plate
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
after a short time; in a short while; a short time later
ticket barrier; ticket gate; wicket
front; frontage; facade; main
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
stairs; stairway; staircase
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
in a crowd; in droves; crawling (of insects); swarming; dragging (e.g. along the ground); trailing
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience