prefix for forming ordinal numbers
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
infancy; childish; infantile; immature
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to pass (of time); to elapse
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hypothesis; supposition; assumption
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
in that way; thus; so; so?
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
malicious; ill-tempered; unkind
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.