indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
quiet; still; surreptitious
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
lie; falsehood; fiction; fabrication
chastity; fidelity; faithfulness; virtue
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
passion; enthusiasm; zeal
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
middle of a field; middle of a country; field of contest
than; from; out of; except; but; more
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
strategist; tactician; schemer
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
right arm; right-hand man; right hand; right-handed pitcher
done; just done; just finished
pipe; tube; channels, official or otherwise; (business) connections; tobacco pipe
arbor; arbour; suffix forming the final part of the pseudonyms of some writers and performers; suffix forming the final part of the name of a restaurant
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
Alice; Alliss; Alyce; Arisu
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family