indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small hill; low hill; hillock
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to get going; to start off
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
resuscitation; regeneration; reformation; rehabilitation; playback; regeneration (sound, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
refreshing (e.g. feeling, scene, wind, morning air); brisk; bracing; fresh; refreshed
song of praise; eulogy; paean; hymn
than; from; out of; except; but; more
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
crown prince; Prince Shōtoku
Paloh (Malaysia); Paro (Bhutan)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
prime minister; premier; chancellor
advanced level; high grade; senior
one grade; first-class; primary
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of