chief; main; principal; important
character (in a play, novel, film, etc.); dramatis personae
female high school student
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
descendant; progeny; offspring
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
company president; manager; director
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
professor; teaching; instruction
older sister; elder sister
mallee (var. of eucalyptus)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember