indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
please (give me); please (do for me)
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ebook; e-book; electronic book; digital book
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
to arrive; to come to pass
way; method; means; (technical) specification
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
by means of; due to; because of; according to
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
abbreviated form of a Chinese character; simplified character; acronym; abbreviation
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material)
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
expression in writing; written representation; notation; writing on the surface (e.g. an address on an envelope); inscribing on the face
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to watch; to try to ...
model (of machine, device); model of aircraft; type of aircraft
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
difference; variation; difference
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
all; entire; whole; altogether
without permission; without notice
reproduction; duplication; reprinting
alteration; falsification; faking