summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
battle formation; lineup (e.g. for a game)
at; in; at; when; by; with
aloof; morose; (smelling) strongly; pungently; spiky (esp. of a hairstyle); sticking up straight (e.g. of plant stems)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
on the occasion of; at the time of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
unconsciousness; unconscious; involuntary; the unconscious
nerve; nerves; sensitivity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
concentration (on a task); focusing one's attention; concentration (of population, buildings, power, etc.); centralization; within a collection of works
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
family restaurant (i.e. a restaurant with varied and inexpensive menu options); casual dining restaurant
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
seat at a table; place at a table
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining