shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
to have a talk; to tell a story
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
site (usu. website); sight; payable on sight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
about; concerning; related to; -ish
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
as ... as one can; as ... as possible; as much as possible
to collect; to assemble; to gather
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do