indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
form (as opposed to substance); formality; method; system; format; mode
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
typeface; style of handwriting; calligraphic style
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby
please (give me); please (do for me)
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back