this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
model (of machine, device); model of aircraft; type of aircraft
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; variation; difference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
library; book collection; paperback book
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
spring day; spring sunlight
divine spirit; spirit of the dead
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
ocean; large sea; fabric pattern
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
race; tribe; species; genus; stellar population (i.e. population I, II and III)
generation; the world; the age
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now (esp. in contrast to the past); now at last; at present; right now
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gather; to collect; to assemble
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
a little over; a little more than; powerhouse; one of the biggest; upper (seismic intensity)
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
abundant (grain) crop; good harvest
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)