indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry around; to carry on one's person
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
moonless sky (poetic usage)
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
shopping district; shopping street; downtown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
coffee shop; tearoom; coffee lounge; coffeehouse; cafe
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
regular customer; regular patron; frequenter; constant companion
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
to be quiet (due to lack of activity); to be in a slump (of a business)
lack of expression; blank look (on one's face)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
taciturn; reticent; quiet; silent; untalkative
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to misperceive visually; to misread; to mistake for something or somebody else
feeling; sense; impression
in that manner; like that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
business; trade; operations; sales
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
though; notwithstanding; although