to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora); camphorwood; camphor laurel
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
thought; consideration; thinking
breath; breathing; concord; harmony; steam (coming off hot food, tea, etc.); (water) vapor
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
time; hour; period; class
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sprinkling (of rain, salt, etc.); pattering; flipping (through a book, etc.); riffling; sparse; scattered
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
middle ten days of a month; 11th to 20th day of a month
occurrence; happening; incident; event
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
to cover up the sky (e.g. smoke)
just past noon; afternoon
to begin to fall (of rain, snow, etc.)