indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
iron basket for torches; cresset; brazier; bonfire
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
Northern Court (of Japan; 1336-1392); Northern Dynasty; Northern Dynasties (of China; 420-589)
advantage; benefit; profit; interest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Southern Court (of Japan; 1336-1392); Southern Dynasty; Southern Dynasties (of China; 420-589)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
evil spirit; demon; devil