indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this world; this life; world of the living
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
kitchen; financial situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if it is the case that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to embezzle; to misappropriate; to peculate; to accustom oneself to using; to use for a long time
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
clean; hygienic; sanitary; pure; virtuous; immaculate
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
with a glitter; with a sparkle; brand new; shiny and new
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
terrific; staggering; tremendous; frightful; ghastly; horrific
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be in disorder; to lie scattered around
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows