misreading; misinterpreting
misprint; misspelling; typo; typographical error; erratum
pure; true; genuine; unmixed
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
to differ; to vary; to disagree
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
in an instant; in a moment; immediately; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once
to have; to possess; to own; to be endowed with
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
smooth; undisturbed; uninterrupted; harmonious
Galapagos (island chain); Sharp brand of e-readers and mobile phones
to build up; to establish (one's reputation)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
in a manner of speaking; as it were; so to speak; if you like; per se
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
land mine; topic that sets someone off; sensitive topic; something that seems fine at first but turns out to be very bad (e.g. product, business); booby trap
tiny amount of money; a penny; one letter; one character; one mon (unit of currency)
unbelievable; incredible; implausible
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
talk (esp. by a talk-show host, or by a stage musician to the audience between songs); banter; talk show; toque
only recently; just of late
with these words; while saying
discussion; discourse; lecture; sermon
pseudo; quasi; false; suspected (case, e.g. of disease)
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
a kind; a sort; of sorts; something of a; sort of; somewhat
to hang over; to cover; to fall upon someone (responsibility, burden, pressure, etc.)
to put on (coat, gown, etc.)
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
arrival (of post, news, correspondence, etc.); receiving (a phone call, email, etc.)