indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
to fall completely silent; to become still as death
school building; schoolhouse
edge (of a river, woods, etc.); shoulder (of a road); rim; brim; fabric border (of a tatami mat, etc.); edging
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to be torn off; to come off; to be torn to pieces; to be torn to shreds
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
violence; assault; rough (e.g. handling); reckless; rape; sexual assault
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
to disturb; to upset; to ruffle; to stir up; to mess up
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slight movement; slight tremor; quiver
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
really; truly; indeed; good grief
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding