department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
adopted daughter; foster daughter
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; shorthandedness; lack of help
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
temple; sacred place; shrine; sanctuary; tabernacle
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
after that; afterwards; thereafter
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to concern; to be related
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
to boil down; to concentrate (soup, milk, stock, etc.); to reach a conclusion; to conclude a discussion
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
there; that situation; that occasion; the spot (i.e. "on the spot"); immediately; then and there
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
improvisation; improvised; impromptu; extempore
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after