department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
House of Peers (Japan, Meiji constitution); House of Lords (UK)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
self-proclaimed; self-professed; professing oneself to be; calling oneself; first person
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rock; to shake; to swing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
change in pronunciation or meaning of a word; sound change; word with an altered pronunciation or meaning; turning or twisting part of a text (in Chinese poetry)
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
near; close; beside; third person
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
tension; mental strain; nervousness
to feel; to sense; to experience
while; even though; despite
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to face; to go towards; to head towards
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
have a good day; take care; see you
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
adult (esp. person 20 years old or over); grownup; becoming an adult; coming of age; growing up (to be a man, woman)
close associate; close aide; brains-truster