chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; utilization; utilisation; application
earning extra money (e.g. from a side job)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
secondhand bookshop; secondhand bookstore; secondhand bookseller
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
mostly; almost; nearly; roughly; approximately; about
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
stealthily; secretly; in secret
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
such; like that; that sort of
meaning; significance; sense
office work; clerical work; administration; business; affairs
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
then; well; so; well then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
strong point; merit; virtue; advantage