illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
pounded fish cake; half a slice; half a ticket; ticket stub
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
match; game; bout; contest
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to nod; to bow one's head in assent; to agree
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to fill (with); to be filled with; to express (an emotion); to project (sadness, joy, etc.); to wear (e.g. a smile)