indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inspection; study by observation; field trip; sitting out (e.g. PE class)
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
deck (e.g. ship, tape, cassette, observation, train vestibule)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
evening glow; red sunset; afterglow (of sunset)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
while; during; while; although; all; both
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be opposite; to face each other
how; in what way; how about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
helpless; forlorn; hopeless; unpromising; lonely; discouraging
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
breast; chest; pit of the stomach; solar plexus; epigastrium
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
tightly (hold, squeeze, etc.); firmly; forcefully (e.g. push); hard
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
gesture; movement; action; acting; performance
dainty; delicate; slender; fragile (e.g. furniture); delicate; frail
dainty; delicate (e.g. fingers); fine; sensitive; delicate (feelings, sense, etc.); subtle
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
still more; even more; much more; increased; greater
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
vocal sound; tone of voice
now; the present time; just now; another; more
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few