action of making something; -ification
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
with a bang (clash, bump)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
confrontation; to face; to confront; to encounter
flawless; absolute perfection
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(committee) chairman; president
to be enchanted; to be charmed
mystery; curiosity; strangeness; ghost; monster; apparition
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly (when declining); less and less
favourable; favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
adds force or indicates command
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
youth; springtime of life; adolescent
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
essential part; indispensable part; unavoidable part; front and back matter (of a book, magazine, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
typeface; style of handwriting; calligraphic style
Tsukushi (provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo in northern Kyushu)
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.