book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to; to be at risk of
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to hate; to dislike; to avoid; to disregard; to act without regard (for); to be bad for (e.g. dust in machinery)
how long; how far; how much
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
My goodness (expresses surprise, wonder, etc.); very; extremely
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to faint; to lose consciousness; to be in a daze; to feel overwhelmed; to feel exhausted
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to tighten; to fasten tight; to constrict; to control strictly; to put pressure on; to squeeze (e.g. an economy)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)