book; volume; this; present; main; head
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to vary; to disagree
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to coil around; to follow about; to be related to; to concern; to be associated with
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
knowing; (an) acquaintance
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to mark the end; to spell the end
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to add (to); to add on; to append
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
settlement; solution; resolution
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
future (usually near); prospects
to carry over; to carry forward; to keep (for later); to defer
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as